Scope in javascript

Published on : August 13,2022
Scope in javascript

Hi dev,

In this article we will learn about Scope in javascript.

Variable is the fundamental part in programming. We declare variable to store different data types. To declare a variable we use the key word var, let and const. A variable can declared at different scope. In this section we will see the scope, scope of variables when we use var or let. Variables scopes can be:

  • Window
  • Global
  • Local

Variable can be declared globally or locally or window scope. We will see both global and local scope. Anything declared without let, var or const is scoped at window level.

Let us image we have a scope.js file.

 

Window Scope

Without using console.log() open your browser and check, you will see the value of a and b if you write a or b on the browser. That means a and b are already available in the window.

//scope.js
a = 'JavaScript' // is a window scope this found anywhere
b = 10 // this is a window scope variable
function letsLearnScope() {
  console.log(a, b)
  if (true) {
    console.log(a, b)
  }
}
console.log(a, b) // accessible

 

Global scope

A globally declared variable can be accessed every where in the same file. But the term global is relative. It can be global to the file or it can be global relative to some block of codes.

//scope.js
let a = 'JavaScript' // is a global scope it will be found anywhere in this file
let b = 10 // is a global scope it will be found anywhere in this file
function letsLearnScope() {
  console.log(a, b) // JavaScript 10, accessible
  if (true) {
    let a = 'Python'
    let b = 100
    console.log(a, b) // Python 100
  }
  console.log(a, b)
}
letsLearnScope()
console.log(a, b) // JavaScript 10, accessible

 

Local scope

A variable declared as local can be accessed only in certain block code.

//scope.js
let a = 'JavaScript' // is a global scope it will be found anywhere in this file
let b = 10 // is a global scope it will be found anywhere in this file
function letsLearnScope() {
  console.log(a, b) // JavaScript 10, accessible
  let c = 30
  if (true) {
    // we can access from the function and outside the function but
    // variables declared inside the if will not be accessed outside the if block
    let a = 'Python'
    let b = 20
    let d = 40
    console.log(a, b, c) // Python 20 30
  }
  // we can not access c because c's scope is only the if block
  console.log(a, b) // JavaScript 10
}
letsLearnScope()
console.log(a, b) // JavaScript 10, accessible

 

Now, you have an understanding of scope. A variable declared with var only scoped to function but variable declared with let or const is block scope(function block, if block, loop etc). Block in JavaScript is a code in between two curly brackets ({}).

//scope.js
function letsLearnScope() {
  var gravity = 9.81
  console.log(gravity)
}
// console.log(gravity), Uncaught ReferenceError: gravity is not defined

if (true) {
  var gravity = 9.81
  console.log(gravity) // 9.81
}
console.log(gravity) // 9.81

for (var i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
  console.log(i) // 1, 2, 3
}
console.log(i)

 

In ES6 and above there is let and const, so you will not suffer from the sneakiness of var. When we use let our variable is block scoped and it will not infect other parts of our code.

//scope.js
function letsLearnScope() {
  // you can use let or const, but gravity is constant I prefer to use const
  const gravity = 9.81
  console.log(gravity)
}
// console.log(gravity), Uncaught ReferenceError: gravity is not defined

if (true) {
  const gravity = 9.81
  console.log(gravity) // 9.81
}
// console.log(gravity), Uncaught ReferenceError: gravity is not defined

for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
  console.log(i) // 1, 2, 3
}
// console.log(i), Uncaught ReferenceError: gravity is not defined

The scope let and const is the same. The difference is only reassigning. We can not change or reassign the value of const variable. I would strongly suggest you to use let and const, by using let and const you will writ clean code and avoid hard to debug mistakes. As a rule of thumb, you can use let for any value which change, const for any constant value, and for array, object, arrow function and function expression.

 

Hope it can help you…

Categories : JavaScript

Tags : JavaScript

Praful Sangani
Praful Sangani
I'm a passionate full-stack developer with expertise in PHP, Laravel, Angular, React Js, Vue, Node, Javascript, JQuery, Codeigniter, and Bootstrap. I enjoy sharing my knowledge by writing tutorials and providing tips to others in the industry. I prioritize consistency and hard work, and I always aim to improve my skills to keep up with the latest advancements. As the owner of Open Code Solution, I'm committed to providing high-quality services to help clients achieve their business goals.
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